2.C.1 Improving planning in coastal areas, including urban and industrial zones
Problem Stakeholders Uncertainties Proposed actions and costs Products and milestones
Lack of full implementation of Environmental Impact Assessments, Strategic Environmental Impact Assessments and Environmental Audits Local and national authorities

Private sector

IFIs

Public in general

 Degree of implementation of existing laws To adopt criteria in all Black Sea countries for environmental impact assessments and environmental audits that will be compulsory for all public and private projects. The coastal states should cooperate to harmonize these criteria and where possible, to introduce strategic environmental assessments. Compulsory interim criteria for EIA and audits by 1998

Harmonized criteria by 1999 as well as introduction of strategic environmental assessments
Inadequate regional cooperation for Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) (see 3.C.1.1.a) which may result in duplication of efforts (including mistakes) from country to country and which may introduce trade distortions ICZM national networks

MOE of BS countries

   Strengthening of Krasnodar ICZM Activity Centre (cost estimate: $50,000 per year)

Development or finalization of regional ICZM strategy (cost estimate: $150,000)

Coordination of basic principles of modern land-use planning among BS countries and establishment of harmonized zoning classifications and rules for land-use planning (cost estimate: $150,000)

 Adoption by the Black Sea countries (ministries of environment) of an ICZM general strategy and guidelines
Inadequate Planning (including urban, industrial, recreational, agricultural, protected areas, water management) at the national level (see 3.C.1.1.a) and insufficient inter-sectoral coordination. Unplanned, uncontrolled and/or excessive urban, industrial, agricultural and recreational development would result in detrimental waste discharge leading to pollution. In addition, conflicting demands upon the CZ can generate degradation and over use of land and a gradual decline in the coastal landscape. Competing sectors (agriculture, industry, leisure, protected areas, etc.)

Authorities (local, regional, national)

Businesses, NGOs, Government

 Lack of data from sectors to be used for the design of comprehensive ICZM plans and scenarios Establishing/strengthening national inter-sectoral committees for CZM and land-use planning for implementation of the issues below

Preparation of national ICZM strategies in line with regional framework, including identification of relevant steps for support to the design of legal, normative, financial, social and environmental enabling elements. Development /revision of urban plans, land use plans and sector plans consistent with overall principles of ICZM, including wide consultation process (specific activities to be developed in the framework of National BSAP)

Development of relevant laws and regulations for implementation of the planning tools

To establish cooperative arrangements whereby norms of drinking water quality are established, implemented and monitored

Demonstration projects of restructuring / clean technology investment for selected industrial sites (hot spot investments - see section A.3)

 Functioning inter-sectoral committees reporting to PM office by 1997

Transfer of principles/ methodologies of ICZM into the design and implementation of sectoral plans

Introduction of the improvement of the land-use planning in coastal areas

In all BS countries, preparation and presentation to the Parliaments of national ICZM laws and of Urban and Land-use Planning laws which reflect ICZM general principals and objectives by 2000

Harmonized drinking water norms in the Black Sea region by 2000
Coastal erosion and inappropriate erosion control which may result in loss of land, destruction of structures and landscape (see 2.B.3) Local municipalities

MoE

MoPublic Works

 Comprehensive data set missing, spot data only Survey of BS coastal erosion problem and remedial actions proposed - evaluation/magnitude (in quantitative as well as economic importance terms) (cost estimate: $50,000)

Pilot studies and demonstration projects

 Study available in 1998 for the development of a regional / national monitoring system of coastal erosion
Inefficient Contingency Plans (see 3.C.1.1.d) which may result in environmental risks from spillage, accidents, etc. Regional inspectorates

Various Ministries

 Data on transport

Spill decision support system

 Preparation of regional BS Contingency Plan Compliance with requirements of IMO and other international agreements
Lack of full participation of the community (see 2.C.3) and lack of support of the community for implementation of plans & policies NGOs

Local authorities

Businesses

MOE

   Consultation process with community organizations, businesses on preparation of Land Use Plans, ICZM national strategy and plans Active public participation effective and legally guaranteed in process of land-use planning and other elements of the environmental management of the BS

See also
3.C.1 Coastal zone management, planning and public participation
3.C.1.1.a Inadequate planning (general issues)
3.C Sustainable Human Development