TABLE 1. ESTIMATES OF THE BLACK SEA WATER BALANCE (km3/yr)
Rain Fall | Run off | Evapo- ration |
Net Fresh Water Input | Bospor Inflow | Inflow from Azov | Total Inflow | Bospor Outflow | Outflow to Azov | Total Outflow | |
Shpindler (1896, 1899) | 220 | 474 | 232 | 462 | - | - | 462 | 416 | - | 416 |
Merz (1928) | 231 | 328 | 354 | 205 | 193 | - | 398 | 398 | - | 398 |
Sverdrup (1942) | 240 | 328 | 363 | 205 | 192 | - | 397 | 397 | - | 397 |
Zenkevich (1947) | 145 | 320 | 319 | 146 | 202 | - | 348 | 348 | - | 348 |
Vodyanitski (1948) | 280 | 480 | 240 | 520 | - | - | 520 | - | - | - |
Rojdestvenskiy (1953) | 280 | 340 | 240 | 380 | 195 | - | 575 | 575 | - | 575 |
Neumann & Roseman (1954) | 240 | 428 | 398 | 270 | 193 | - | 463 | 462 | - | 462 |
Caspers (1957) | 234 | 320 | 354 | 200 | - | - | 200 | - | - | - |
Leonov (1960) | 230 | 309 | 365 | 174 | 193 | 95 | 462 | 392 | 70 | 462 |
Bruevich (1960) | 225 | 350 | 350 | 225 | 175 | - | 400 | 400 | - | 400 |
Berenbeim (1960) | 120 | 340 | 280 | 180 | 193 | 59 | 432 | 398 | 34 | 432 |
Solyankin (1963) | 119 | 346 | 332 | 133 | 176 | 53 | 362 | 340 | 32 | 372 |
Okeanograf Entsikl.(1966) | - | 400 | - | - | 202 | - | - | 398 | 59 | 457 |
Tixeront (1970) | 181 | 400 | 392 | 189 | - | - | 400 | 400 | - | 400 |
Ozturgut (1971) | 300 | 352 | 353 | 299 | 249 | - | 548 | 548 | - | 548 |
Rojdestven-skiy (1971) | 254 | 294 | 301 | 247 | 229 | 38 | 514 | 485 | 29 | 514 |
Sitnikov (1972) | 148 | 423 | 381 | 190 | - | - | 190 | 190 | - | 190 |
Serpoianu (1973) | 120 | 336 | 340 | 116 | 123 | 53 | 292 | 260 | 32 | 292 |
Rozengurt & Sitnikov (1973) | 212 | 406 | 381 | 237 | - | - | 237 | 241 | - | 241 |
Pora and Oros (1974) | 254 | 294 | 301 | 247 | 229 | 38 | 514 | 485 | 29 | 514 |
Fonselius (1974) | 230 | 320 | 350 | 200 | 200 | - | 400 | 400 | - | 400 |
Entsiklopedia Okean/atm.(1983) | 234 | 320 | 354 | 200 | 188 | - | 388 | 388 | - | 388 |
Altman (1984) | 236 | 338 | 402 | 172 | 181 | 50 | 403 | 366 | 33 | 399 |
Bondar (1986) | 119 | 364 | 332 | 151 | 203 | 50 | 404 | 371 | 31 | 402 |
Altman (1986) | 235 | 338 | 402 | 171 | - | - | 171 | - | - | - |
Unluata et al. (1990) | 300 | 352 | 353 | 299 | 312 | - | 611 | 612 | - | 612 |
Altman (1991) | 238 | 338 | 395 | 181 | 176 | 50 | 407 | 371 | 33 | 402 |
Reshetnikov (1992) | 225 | 353 | 370 | 208 | - | 22 | 230 | 227 | - | 227 |