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TABLE 1. ESTIMATES OF THE BLACK SEA WATER BALANCE (km3/yr)

  Rain Fall Run off Evapo-
ration
Net Fresh Water Input Bospor Inflow Inflow from Azov Total Inflow Bospor Outflow Outflow to Azov Total Outflow
Shpindler (1896, 1899) 220 474 232 462 - - 462 416 - 416
Merz (1928) 231 328 354 205 193 - 398 398 - 398
Sverdrup (1942) 240 328 363 205 192 - 397 397 - 397
Zenkevich (1947) 145 320 319 146 202 - 348 348 - 348
Vodyanitski (1948) 280 480 240 520 - - 520 - - -
Rojdestvenskiy (1953) 280 340 240 380 195 - 575 575 - 575
Neumann & Roseman (1954) 240 428 398 270 193 - 463 462 - 462
Caspers (1957) 234 320 354 200 - - 200 - - -
Leonov (1960) 230 309 365 174 193 95 462 392 70 462
Bruevich (1960) 225 350 350 225 175 - 400 400 - 400
Berenbeim (1960) 120 340 280 180 193 59 432 398 34 432
Solyankin (1963) 119 346 332 133 176 53 362 340 32 372
Okeanograf Entsikl.(1966) - 400 - - 202 - - 398 59 457
Tixeront (1970) 181 400 392 189 - - 400 400 - 400
Ozturgut (1971) 300 352 353 299 249 - 548 548 - 548
Rojdestven-skiy (1971) 254 294 301 247 229 38 514 485 29 514
Sitnikov (1972) 148 423 381 190 - - 190 190 - 190
Serpoianu (1973) 120 336 340 116 123 53 292 260 32 292
Rozengurt & Sitnikov (1973) 212 406 381 237 - - 237 241 - 241
Pora and Oros (1974) 254 294 301 247 229 38 514 485 29 514
Fonselius (1974) 230 320 350 200 200 - 400 400 - 400
Entsiklopedia Okean/atm.(1983) 234 320 354 200 188 - 388 388 - 388
Altman (1984) 236 338 402 172 181 50 403 366 33 399
Bondar (1986) 119 364 332 151 203 50 404 371 31 402
Altman (1986) 235 338 402 171 - - 171 - - -
Unluata et al. (1990) 300 352 353 299 312 - 611 612 - 612
Altman (1991) 238 338 395 181 176 50 407 371 33 402
Reshetnikov (1992) 225 353 370 208 - 22 230 227 - 227

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